Revisioni sistematiche con metanalisi

Chen J, Cai M, Yang J, Aldhohrah T, Wang Y. Immediate versus early or conventional loading dental implants with fixed prostheses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(6):516–536.
Brennand Roper M, Vissink A, Dudding T, et al. Long-term treatment outcomes with zygomatic implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Implant Dent. 2023;9:21. (analisi per protocollo: immediato vs differito)
Moraschini V, de Queiroz TR, Sartoretto SC, et al. Survival and complications of zygomatic implants compared to conventional implants reported in longitudinal studies con ≥5 anni di follow-up: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2022. doi:10.1111/cid.13153.
Lan K, Taguchi Y, Arai K, et al. Quad Zygomatic Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Survival and Complications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2021. doi:10.11607/jomi.8417.

Nota: le due metanalisi sui zigomatici sono pertinenti ai casi di grave atrofia mascellare e includono confronti tra carico immediato e differito (sub-analisi in Roper 2023).

Revisioni sistematiche (senza meta-analisi o con pooling limitato)

Abdunabi A, Morris M, Abi Nader S, de Souza RF. Impact of immediately loaded implant-supported maxillary full-arch dental prostheses: a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci. 2019;27:e20180600. doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0600.
Kämmerer PW, Fan S, Aparicio C, et al. Evaluation of surgical techniques in survival rate and complications of zygomatic implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla: a systematic review. Int J Implant Dent. 2023;9:11.
(Contesto generale, non limitato al full-arch): Clinical efficacy of early and delayed loading implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2022.

Studi clinici comparativi (full-arch; include atrofie medio-severe/severe)

Pera P, Menini M, Pesce P, Bevilacqua M, Pera F, Tealdo T. Immediate versus delayed loading of dental implants supporting fixed full-arch maxillary prostheses: a 10-year follow-up report. Int J Prosthodont. 2019;32(1):27–31. doi:10.11607/ijp.5804.
Pistilli R, Mitsias M, Esposito M, Siormpas K, Sbricoli L, Buti J, Maghaireh H. Immediate, early (6 weeks) and delayed (3 months) loading of single, partial and full fixed implant-supported prostheses: 3-year data from a multicentre RCT. Clinical Trials in Dentistry. 2019;1(1):37–50. (contiene un sottogruppo full-arch)
Najafi N, Siadat H, Akbari S, Rokn A. Effects of Immediate and Delayed Loading on the Outcomes of All-on-4 Treatment: A Prospective Study. J Dent (Tehran). 2016;13(6):415–422. (all-on-4 su arcate atrofiche; confronto immediato vs differito)
Thomé G, Caldas W, Vianna CP, et al. Surgical and Prosthetic Outcomes of 967 Implants Under Immediate or Delayed Loading in Full-Arch Rehabilitation: a Retrospective Study With up to 5 Years of Follow-Up. Brazilian Dental Science. 2021;24(3). doi:10.14295/bds.2021.v24i3.2403.

Cohort/registri su full-arch immediati (per stratificare il rischio in atrofie)

Caramês JMM, Marques DNdS, Caramês GB, et al. Implant Survival in Immediately Loaded Full-Arch Rehabilitations Following an Anatomical Classification System—A Retrospective Study in 1200 Edentulous Jaws. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):5167. doi:10.3390/jcm10215167. (stratifica per livello di atrofia)
Uesugi T, Shimoo Y, Munakata M, et al. (con P. Maló). The All-on-Four concept for fixed full-arch rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla and mandible: longitudinal study in Japanese patients con 3–17 anni di follow-up e analisi dei fattori di rischio. Int J Implant Dent. 2023;9:43.

Revisioni/metanalisi su timing/contesti correlati

Rojas-Rojas MA, de la Espriella A, et al. Immediate Loading of Post-Extraction Implants: Success and Survival Rates. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(23):11228.

Zigomatici – revisioni aggiuntive

Tuminelli FJ, Walter LR, Neugarten J, Bedrossian E. Immediate loading of zygomatic implants: a systematic review of implant survival, prosthesis survival and potential complications. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2017;10(Suppl 1):79–87.

Mortalità, edentulia e parodontite

Romandini M, Baima G, Antonoglou G, Bueno J, Figuero E, Sanz M. Periodontitis, Edentulism, and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses. J Dent Res. 2020. [1]
Schenkein HA, Papapanou PN, et al. Periodontitis and edentulism as risk indicators for mortality: Results from a prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow-up. [2]
Azevedo JS, et al. Edentulism and all-cause mortality among Brazilian older adults: 11-years follow-up. Braz Oral Res. 2020. [3]
Lagerweij MD, et al. Mortality in Edentulous Patients: A Registry-Based Cohort Study in Sweden Comparing 8463 Patients Treated with Removable Dentures or Implant-Supported Dental Prostheses. [4][5]
Yan X, et al. Oral Health and Mortality Among Older Adults: A Doubly Robust Survival Analysis. [6]
Zhang Q, et al. Tooth loss trajectories and their association with all-cause mortality among older Chinese adults. [7]

Edentulia, declino cognitivo e demenza

Qi X, et al. Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on Tooth Loss With the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. [8]
Peng J, et al. Tooth loss and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. [9]
Thomson WM, et al. Tooth loss as a risk factor for dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 observational studies. [10]
Tooth Loss in Periodontitis Patients—A Risk Factor for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [11]
Meta Analysis of the Correlation between Periodontal Health and Cognitive Impairment in the Older Population. [12]
Impact of periodontal disease on cognitive disorders, dementia, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [13]

Malnutrizione, stato nutrizionale, fragilità

Schimmel M, et al. Association of Oral Health and Mini Nutritional Assessment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses. J Prosthodont Res. 2021. [14]
de Andrade FB, et al. Are Edentulousness, Oral Health Problems and Poor HRQoL Associated with Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Elderly? [15]
Silva AER, et al. Edentulism and number of medications are associated with nutritional status in older adults. [16]
Li Z, et al. The Longitudinal Relationship between Edentulism and the Progress of Multimorbidity. [17]
Deteriorated oral health and function as risk factors for physical disability and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. [18]

Diabete mellito, edentulia e parodontite

Nascimento GG, et al. Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review. [19]
Dourado M, et al. Association between diabetes and edentulism and their joint effects on health status in 40 LMICs. [20]
Nascimento GG, et al. Bidirectional association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. [21]

Malattie cardiovascolari e rischio sistemico

Romandini M, et al. Periodontitis, Edentulism, and Risk of Mortality. [1]
Sanz M, et al. The Vital Importance of Gum Health. [22]
Park S-Y, et al. Impact of Oral Hygiene Practices in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk, Incidence, and Mortality: A Systematic Review. [23]

Malattia renale cronica

Kidney failure and oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. [24]
Tonetti MS, et al. Demystifying the connection between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review. [25]
Oral health-related quality of life in ESRD on renal replacement therapy: systematic review. [26]
Assessment of oral health status and inflammatory markers in end stage CKD: cross-sectional study. [27]
Oral health challenges in patients with CKD: comprehensive clinical assessment. [28]
Dental health assessed using panoramic radiograph and adverse events in CKD stage 4–5: prospective cohort. [29]

Neoplasie (cancro)

Mascitti M, et al. Association between tooth loss and risk of oral cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. [30][31]
Zeng XT, et al. Tooth loss and cancer risk: dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. [32][33]
Ansai T, et al.; Michaud DS, et al. Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss as Risks for Cancer: a systematic review. [34]
Michaud DS, et al. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and colorectal cancer risk: Nurses’ Health Study. [35]
Huang J, et al. Teeth loss, teeth brushing and esophageal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. [36]
Liu B, et al. Tooth Loss and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: meta-analysis. [37]
Genco RJ, et al. Periodontal disease, edentulism and total cancer mortality: NHANES III. [38]

Malattie respiratorie e microbioma orale

Gomes-Filho IS, et al. Periodontal Diseases: Major Exacerbators of Pulmonary Diseases? [39]
Scannapieco FA, et al. Potential role of periodontal infection in respiratory diseases: a review. [40]
Wu J, et al. Relationships Between Oral Microecosystem and Respiratory Diseases. [41]

Qualità di vita e riabilitazione protesica

Maggiolo F, et al. Effect of complete dentures on oral health-related quality of life in long-term: systematic review and meta-analysis. [42]
Impact of rehabilitation versus edentulism on systemic health and quality of life in periodontitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. [43]
OHRQoL after prosthodontic treatment for partial edentulism: systematic review and meta-analysis. [44]
The Global Impact of Edentulism: systematic review. [45]
Impact of edentulism on community-dwelling adults in low/middle/high income countries: systematic review. [46]

Bibliografia (link)

Interpretazione: associazioni robuste (soprattutto osservazionali) tra perdita dentale/parodontite e diversi esiti sistemici; non implica automaticamente causalità, ma indica rischio condiviso e possibile ruolo di infiammazione cronica e nutrizione.